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The Conflict between Science and Scholasticism in Philosophy
The Life and Works of John Locke
The Differences Between Hobbes and Locke
It is important to note that any infraction of the civil law brings about consequences of a legal stature and can lead to immediate criminal sanctions ranging from imprisonment to death sentence; hence infractions on these laws have the most concrete and immediate repercussions compared to any of the other laws.
To sum up, ideally a person will embrace all three laws and act in an ethical manner for the benefit of oneself and of others. According to Locke, if one follows the
These laws are not enforced by a legal power or authority, as opposed to civil law of courts and police, but it is rather enforced by “public opinion.” Hence, anyone who infringes on those often-accepted and unwritten rules, someone who disregards honesty and continues to lie on various occasions, will not be punished in the traditional sense but will have to endure social consequences, such as loss in reputation, credibility and trust and in its crassest form it could turn into a kind of ostracism by society itself.
Locke`s “Divine Law” and God`s Rule and Punishment
Public opinion and regard may not seem as binding yet its social consequences and repercussions may leave lasting and condemning impacts on the infringing individual who will lose friends and social position and hence not be able to achieve greatness in that given society.
The Civil Law and Law Enforcement
Being a Supreme Being, God also has the “power to enforce it by rewards and punishments of infinite weight and duration.” In fact,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], God would reserve Himself the right to punish any being for their transgressions. One had the choice of either being given an eternal reward and recompense for being good and ethical or of being punished with eternal pain and punishment for one`s immoral and evil acts.
According to Locke`s theory of ethics,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there are three general laws applicable to the behavior of humankind and each is followed by three sets of different enforcements, rewards and punishments. These laws are supposed to govern, regulate and control human behavior both internally and externally.
The first rule is what Locke termed the “divine law.” In his view,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this law is designed and given by God who, in His goodness and wisdom, would want what is best for humanity; consequently, it would become imperative for all people to follow those rules for their own good.
Although Locke believed that acts that elicit pleasure are generally considered good, the highest form of pleasure would always be what is pleasing to God. He believed that one should always choose the divine law because it would not only be in the best interest of the person “here” but also “over there” in the afterlife, which is controlled and ordained by God Himself.
The Public View and the Law of Opinion and Reputation
Finally, as mentioned above, there is the law of opinion or reputation. These are adages or maxims usually held by a large group of a society, which are often passed on from generation to generation. For example,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the saying “honesty is the best policy” would fall into this category.
The civil law is set up of rules and enforcements by government bodies, such as the legal courts and the police. These laws may be influenced by certain aspects of religion, such as ethical requirements that may coincide with those set forth in the Bible, and at the same time they will also often reflect the opinion of the people, a characteristic of the final third law called the “law of opinion and reputation.”
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